cause 和
reason 的不同「原因」
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1.
基本文法說明 |
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cause
指的是讓某件事發生，單純而直接的起因，所以有可能是一個動作、一個事件或者是一個情況。reason
則是一種對於動機的解釋、一種原因，一種理由。 例 The cause of the fire still remained a mystery. 這場火災的起因仍舊是個謎。 |
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I believe that Monica must have good
reasons for wanting to study abroad. |
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2.
錯誤發生情況及修正練習 |
| A.
The cause why I want to change my mind is as follows.
我想改變心意的理由如下。 |
| B.
The police wanted to know the cause for the fight.
警方想知道這起打架事件的肇事原因。 |
| C.
Smoking is the most important cause of lung cancer.
抽煙是導致肺癌最主要的起因。 |
| D.
Air pollution is caused by several reasons.
空氣污染有好幾種成因。 |
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3. 錯誤修正及解釋 正確的句子如下： |
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|
A.
The reason why
I want to change my mind is as follows. |
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混淆「起因」和「原因」 |
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| B.
The police wanted to know the cause of the fight. |
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搭配錯介係詞
記得「~的起因」是用
the cause of~，「~的理由」是用
the reason for，兩者不要搞混。 |
|
| C.
Smoking is the
major cause of lung cancer. |
|
|
誤用 important 來形容「重要的起因」
形容
cause
應該用
major (主要的)/chief
(主要的)/primary
(最初的)等的形容詞而非
important。 |
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|
D.
Air pollution has several causes. |
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把
be caused by~ (由~導致引起)和
reason
混在一起用 如果已經用了 be caused by 後面就不要累贅的加上 reason 來攪局。片語正確的用法如下： 例 His death is caused by homicide. 他的死因是他殺。 |
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cheap/expensive
和
low/high
的對照
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1.
基本文法說明 |
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cheap (便宜的)/expensive (昂貴的)這兩個形容詞是用來形容東西本身的價值，而 low (低的)/high (高的)則是用來形容價格(price)、花費(cost)、收入(income)、賦稅(tax)、費用(fee) 等等實質金錢上的名目。
例 This shirt
is quite cheap.
例 The
price
of this shirt is quite low.
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2.
錯誤發生情況及修正練習 |
| A.
The living costs in Taiwan are very cheap.
住在台灣的生活花費很低。 |
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3.
錯誤修正及解釋 |
|
A.
The living
costs in Taiwan are very low. |
|
誤用 cheap/expensive 來形容金錢的名目 記得只要是 cost, payment, rent, wage, salary, income, expense, tax, fee 等 金錢上的名目，一律用 low/high 來形容高低。 |
compare
to
和
compare with
動詞片語的不同用法
|
1.
基本文法說明 |
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compare A to B
是把
A比成
B ，著重在兩者的相似處，認為
AB 之間有類似的特質。而
compare A with B 則是把 AB
兩者放在一起檢驗相似和相異的地方，以達到評估的效果。 |
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2.
錯誤發生情況及修正練習 |
| A.
She compared the restless boy with a noisy monkey.
她把那個好動的男孩比做一隻吵鬧的猴子。 |
| B.
Please compare the new textbook to the old one and choose a better
edition. 請比較新舊教科書然後選出比較好的版本。 |
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3.
錯誤修正及解釋 |
| A.
She compared the restless boy to a
noisy monkey. |
|
混淆
compare to
和
compare with 這句是強調前後兩者的關聯和同質性，所以用 compare A to B 的片語。 |
| B.
Please compare the new textbook
with the old one and choose
a better edition. |
| 這句是強調優缺點的評估比較，所以用
compare A with B 才對。 |
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1.
基本文法說明 |
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concentrate (專注、專心)和
concern (關心、關係)雖然在“外型上”有點類似，但各有其特別的用法和搭配詞。人concentrate
on sth
表示人專注在某件事物上，為主動形式。但是
人
be concerned about sth
表示人關心擔憂某事，注意為被動語法。另外
be concerned with sth
表示和某事或某物有關係，be
concerned with doings sth
則表示有興趣從事某件事。 |
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2.
錯誤發生情況及修正練習 |
| A.
I am concentrated on both studying and working.
我專注於唸書和工作這兩件事。 |
| B.
You should concern more about your health problems. 你應該要更留意你的健康問題。 |
| C.
The
first two chapters are concerned about the problems of primary education
in Taiwan. 前兩章是關於台灣基礎教育的問題。 |
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3.
錯誤修正及解釋 |
| A.
I am
concentrating on both studying and working. |
|
主動被動語法的混淆 這邊只要用 concentrate 的主動形式便可以，加上現在進行式-ing是強調還繼續在從事。 |
| B.
You should
be more concerned about your health problems. |
|
記得
concern
必須要用被動形式，類似
I am worried (我擔心~)的用法。所以 上面的例句要變成 be concerned about。 |
| C.
The
first two chapters are concerned with the problems of primary
education in Taiwan. |
|
混淆 be concerned about (關心、擔憂) 和 be concerned with (有關、相關)
雖然只差一個介係詞，但兩個片語的意義就不同了。 |
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1.
基本文法說明 |
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condition (情形、情況、條件)在單複數不同的片語搭配下有不同的用法。 |
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2.
錯誤發生情況及修正練習 |
| A.
Henry keeps his car in a good condition.
亨利讓他的車保持在良好的狀態。 |
| B.
The Wang family are forced to live in a terrible condition.
王家一家人被迫活在惡劣的狀況下。 |
| C.
How are you doing? I hope you’re in good condition.
你過得如何啊？希望你狀況不錯。 |
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3.
錯誤修正及解釋 |
| A.
Henry keeps his car
in good condition. |
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in ~ condition (在~的情況狀態下)誤加 a/an 冠詞
使用in
good/excellent (極佳的)/perfect
(完美的)/bad
(不好的)/terrible
(糟糕的)等等的狀態，記得不必加冠詞。 |
| B.
The Wang family are forced to live in terrible conditions. |
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描述生活或工作狀態時誤用單數
用
condition 來描述生活或工作情況的時候記得要加 -s用複數表達。 |
| C.
How are you doing? I hope you’re keeping fit and well. |
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in good condition/shape 通常是指生理上的強壯苗條，因為有在運動健身之類的。所以如果是要問候一般
的健康狀況，用
fit and well 比較適宜。 |